The first people are estimated to have arrived in Virginia over 12,000 years ago. Fictionalized stories about the early colony, in particular the story of Pocahontas and John Smith, first became popular in the period after the Revolutionary War, and together with other myths surrounding George Washington's childhood and the plantation elite in the antebellum period, became touchstones of Virginian and American culture and helped shape the state's historic politics and beliefs. Virginia was a focal point in conflicts from the French and Indian War, the American Revolution and the Civil War, to the Cold War and the War on Terrorism. Warfare, including among these groups, has also had an important role. The observances highlighted contributions from Native Americans, Africans, and Europeans, each of which had a significant part in shaping Virginia's history. Virginia celebrated its quadricentennial year in 2007, marking 400 years since the establishment of the Jamestown Colony. The story of Pocahontas was romanticized by later artists, in part because of her association with the First Families of Virginia. Department of Defense and Central Intelligence Agency, in Northern Virginia and military facilities in Hampton Roads, the site of the region's main seaport. Virginia's economy has many sectors: agriculture in the Shenandoah Valley high tech and federal agencies, including the headquarters of the U.S. The state government is unique in how it treats cities and counties equally, manages local roads, and prohibits governors from serving consecutive terms.
It is made up of a 40-member Senate and a 100-member House of Delegates. Virginia's state legislature is the Virginia General Assembly, which was established in July 1619, making it the oldest current law-making body in North America. Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following the Reconstruction era, both major political parties are competitive in modern Virginia. During the American Civil War, Virginia was split when the state government in Richmond joined the Confederacy, but many of the state's northwestern counties wanted to remain with the Union, helping form the state of West Virginia in 1863. As one of the original Thirteen Colonies, during the American Revolution, it became part of the United States in 1776. Slave labor and land acquired from displaced native tribes fueled the growing plantation economy, but also fueled conflicts both inside and outside the colony. Virginia's state nickname, the Old Dominion, is a reference to this status.
In 1607, the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent English colony in the New World. The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. The Commonwealth's population in 2020 was over 8.65 million, with 36% of them living in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond Virginia Beach is the most-populous city, and Fairfax County is the most-populous political subdivision. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.
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